UK Inflation falls below expectations in March
The United Kingdom’s annual inflation rate eased to 2.6% in March, falling short of analysts’ forecasts, according to figures released by the Office for National Statistics (ONS) on Wednesday.
Economists surveyed by Reuters had expected the Consumer Prices Index (CPI) to reach 2.7% in the twelve months to March. Inflation in Britain had reached 2.8% in February, following a sharp rise to 3% in January.
Core inflation — which strips out more volatile items such as energy, food, alcohol and tobacco — stood at 3.4% in the year to March, a slight decline from 3.5% in February.
The ONS reported that the biggest downward pressures on the monthly inflation figure came from the recreation and culture sector, along with motor fuel prices. Clothing prices, on the other hand, were the largest upward contributor. Following the data release, sterling gained 0.25% against the US dollar, reaching $1.3265.
The latest inflation figures will be carefully considered by policymakers at the Bank of England, who are widely expected to reduce interest rates at their next meeting on 8 May. The Bank had previously held rates steady at 4.5% in March, citing anticipated inflationary pressures and ongoing uncertainties surrounding economic growth and global trade tensions linked to US President Donald Trump’s tariffs.
Encouragingly, recent economic data showed that the UK economy grew by 0.5% month-on-month in February. In addition, Britain is aiming to secure a trade agreement with the United States, having emerged relatively unaffected by Trump’s tariff regime, facing only a standard 10% duty on exports to the US.
US dollar slides as trade tensions rise and foreign asset tax is proposed
The US Dollar came under renewed pressure following the latest developments in the ongoing US-China trade tensions and a new proposal in Washington to impose taxes on foreign holders of American assets.
President Donald Trump stirred market concerns on Tuesday by suggesting that countries may be forced to choose between trading with the United States or with China — a move that threatens to divide the global economy and financial markets.
At the same time, reports surfaced of a proposed annual tax targeting countries that maintain digital services taxes. The plan would see a 5% yearly levy on US assets held by those nations, increasing by 5% each year to a maximum of 20%. While aimed largely at the European Union and Canada, the UK and Switzerland could also be affected due to their similar taxation policies. The proposal appears to reflect frustrations with the EU’s broader efforts to impose its regulatory standards beyond its own borders.
The Dollar’s latest decline follows a broad sell-off last week, which coincided with sharp losses across major US equity markets and occasional weakness in US Treasury bonds. During this period, capital flowed into currencies from countries with current account surpluses — including the Eurozone, Switzerland, and Japan — all major holders of US financial assets.
Beijing moves to stabilise renminbi as currency pressure builds
Ironically, one of the few stabilising factors for the Dollar appears to be Beijing. Chinese authorities have been intervening to support the Renminbi, aiming to maintain a “basically stable” trade-weighted exchange rate. Since the Renminbi is closely tied to the Dollar, this policy has helped slow the greenback’s decline — at least for now.
Chinese authorities in Beijing adjusted central parity rates and trading limits for 14 out of 25 currencies within the China Foreign Exchange Trade System (CFETS) Index. This move affects approximately 49.53% of the index. One currency's rate was left unchanged, while the fixings for ten others — including the Swedish Krona and the Euro — were lowered.
These changes followed a broad signal of depreciation on Monday, when all 25 currency pair fixings were lowered. That adjustment came after a week in which both the Renminbi and the US Dollar lost ground against all G10 currencies, as well as 16 members of the wider G20 basket, amid rising tensions in the US-China trade dispute.
Tuesday’s mixed adjustments suggest a possible attempt by Beijing to stabilise its trade-weighted currency. This is particularly significant for the US Dollar, as China’s basket-based approach to its managed-floating exchange rate results in a close correlation — and a quasi-peg — between the trade-weighted Renminbi and the Dollar.
Looking ahead
As the week progresses, attention will continue to be on the escalating global trade tensions, particularly between the US and its major trading partners.
Additionally, market participants will be closely monitoring the US unemployment claims data, which will provide insights into the health of the US labour market. A significant deviation from expectations could prompt shifts in US dollar dynamics, depending on whether it signals a strengthening or weakening labour market.
Furthermore, the European Central Bank (ECB) is set to announce its monetary policy decision tomorrow. Market expectations are pointing towards a 25 basis point reduction, which would lower the deposit facility rate to 3.00%. This anticipated cut follows a series of previous reductions aimed at addressing persistently low inflation and sluggish economic growth across the eurozone.
Recent economic data has shown a softening of inflation, with core inflation remaining below the ECB's target of 2%. Furthermore, the euro's recent appreciation has raised concerns over its potential deflationary impact, making imports cheaper and dampening inflationary pressures. In response, ECB President Christine Lagarde has reiterated the bank's commitment to using all available tools to maintain both price and financial stability.
Given these factors, the ECB's decision is expected to centre on further easing of monetary policy in order to support economic activity and bring inflation closer to the target. Market participants will be paying close attention to any forward guidance from the ECB regarding future rate cuts or other policy measures.